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Physics of Cryogenics

Physics of Cryogenics
Author: Bahman Zohuri
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 728
Release: 2017-11-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 012814520X

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Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties. This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics. Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processes Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology Includes new, low temperature tables written by the author Deals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperature Explains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches


The Art of Cryogenics

The Art of Cryogenics
Author: Guglielmo Ventura
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 379
Release: 2010-07-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080554369

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Cryogenics is the study of low temperature interactions - temperatures well below those existing in the natural universe. The book covers a large spectrum of experimental cases, including basic vacuum techniques, indispensable in cryogenics. Guidance in solving experimental problems and numerous numerical examples are given, as are examples of the applications of cryogenics in such areas as underground detectors and space applications. Updated tables of low-temperature data on materials are also presented, and the book is supplemented with a rich bibliography. Researchers (graduate and above) in the fields of physics, engineering and chemistry with an interest in the technology and applications of low-temperature measurements, will find this book invaluable. Experiments described in technical detail Description of newest cryogenic apparatus Applications in multidisciplinary areas Data on cryogenic properties of new materials Current reference review


Cryogenic Systems

Cryogenic Systems
Author: Randall F. Barron
Publisher:
Total Pages: 720
Release: 1966
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:

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Helium Cryogenics

Helium Cryogenics
Author: Steven W. Van Sciver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 487
Release: 2012-02-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1441999787

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Twenty five years have elapsed since the original publication of Helium Cryogenics. During this time, a considerable amount of research and development involving helium fluids has been carried out culminating in several large-scale projects. Furthermore, the field has matured through these efforts so that there is now a broad engineering base to assist the development of future projects. Helium Cryogenics, 2nd edition brings these advances in helium cryogenics together in an updated form. As in the original edition, the author's approach is to survey the field of cryogenics with emphasis on helium fluids. This approach is more specialized and fundamental than that contained in other cryogenics books, which treat the associated range of cryogenic fluids. As a result, the level of treatment is more advanced and assumes a certain knowledge of fundamental engineering and physics principles, including some quantum mechanics. The goal throughout the work is to bridge the gap between the physics and engineering aspects of helium fluids to provide a source for engineers and scientists to enhance their usefulness in low-temperature systems. Dr. Van Sciver is a Distinguished Research Professor and John H. Gorrie Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Florida State University. He is also a Program Director at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). Dr. Van Sciver joined the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and the NHMFL in 1991, initiating and teaching a graduate program in magnet and materials engineering and in cryogenic thermal sciences and heat transfer. He also led the NHMFL development efforts of the cryogenic systems for the NHMFL Hybrid and 900 MHz NMR superconducting magnets. Between 1997 and 2003, he served as Director of Magnet Science and Technology at the NHMFL. Dr. Van Sciver is a Fellow of the ASME and the Cryogenic Society of America and American Editor for the journal Cryogenics. He is the 2010 recipient of the Kurt Mendelssohn Award. Prior to joining Florida State University, Dr. Van Sciver was Research Scientist and then Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Engineering Physics and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1976 to 1991. During that time he also served as the Associate Director of the Applied Superconductivity Center. Dr. Van Sciver received his PhD in Low Temperature Physics from the University of Washington-Seattle in 1976. He received his BS degree in Engineering Physics from Lehigh University in 1970. Dr. Van Sciver is author of over 200 publications and patents in low temperature physics, liquid helium technology, cryogenic engineering and magnet technology. The first edition of Helium Cryogenics was published by Plenum Press (1986). The present work is an update and expansion of that original project.


Cryogenics

Cryogenics
Author: William E. Bryson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 210
Release: 1999-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781569902745

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This important book explains how and why wear resistance in metals and other materials is improved exposure to subzero or deep cold temperatures (cryogenic treatment). While cryogenics is not a recently discovered process, its benefits have not been fully exploited industry. One reason for this neglect is that, until now, there has not been a single source of information that explains how it works, and why it works. This book provides answers to these and other questions including: Which materials can be improved cryogenics? Can the increase in wear resistance be predicted? Should tools be reprocessed after resharpening? Why do in expensive tools perform like expensive ones after processing? How does cryogenics increase tool hardness? Does processing alter the appearance of parts? How can even small shops acquire inexpensive processing equipment? What is the thin film surface layer?


Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes

Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes
Author: Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 262
Release: 2008-12-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0387785140

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Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. The fundamental aspects of mixed refrigerant processes, though very innovative, have not received the due attention in open literature in view of commercial interests. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes. However, it is difficult to piece together the existing information to choose an appropriate process and an optimum composition or a given application. The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.


Cryogenic Heat Transfer

Cryogenic Heat Transfer
Author: Randall F. Barron
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 393
Release: 1999-05-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1482224097

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Presents applied heat transfer principles in the range of extremely low temperatures. The specific features of heat transfer at cryogenic temperatures, such as variable properties, near critical convection, and Kapitza resistance, are described. This book includes many example problems, in each section, that help to illustrate the applications of t


Cryogenic Engineering

Cryogenic Engineering
Author: Klaus D. Timmerhaus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 379
Release: 2007-11-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 038746896X

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This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details.


Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids

Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids
Author: Jacob W. Leachman
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2017-07-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319578359

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This update to a classic reference text provides practising engineers and scientists with accurate thermophysical property data for cryogenic fluids. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. It begins with a chapter introducing the thermodynamic relations and functional forms for equations of state, and goes on to describe the requirements for thermodynamic property formulations, needed for the complete definition of the thermodynamic properties of a fluid. The core of the book comprises extensive data tables and charts for the most commonly-encountered cryogenic fluids. This new edition sees significant updates to the data presented for air, argon, carbon monoxide, deuterium, ethane, helium, hydrogen, krypton, nitrogen and xenon. The book supports and complements NIST’s REFPROP - an interactive database and tool for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids.


Cryogenic Process Engineering

Cryogenic Process Engineering
Author: Klaus D. Timmerhaus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 614
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1468487566

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Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.