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| Author | : Josh Lauer |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 393 |
| Release | : 2017-07-25 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0231544626 |
Download Creditworthy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The first consumer credit bureaus appeared in the 1870s and quickly amassed huge archives of deeply personal information. Today, the three leading credit bureaus are among the most powerful institutions in modern life—yet we know almost nothing about them. Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion are multi-billion-dollar corporations that track our movements, spending behavior, and financial status. This data is used to predict our riskiness as borrowers and to judge our trustworthiness and value in a broad array of contexts, from insurance and marketing to employment and housing. In Creditworthy, the first comprehensive history of this crucial American institution, Josh Lauer explores the evolution of credit reporting from its nineteenth-century origins to the rise of the modern consumer data industry. By revealing the sophistication of early credit reporting networks, Creditworthy highlights the leading role that commercial surveillance has played—ahead of state surveillance systems—in monitoring the economic lives of Americans. Lauer charts how credit reporting grew from an industry that relied on personal knowledge of consumers to one that employs sophisticated algorithms to determine a person's trustworthiness. Ultimately, Lauer argues that by converting individual reputations into brief written reports—and, later, credit ratings and credit scores—credit bureaus did something more profound: they invented the modern concept of financial identity. Creditworthy reminds us that creditworthiness is never just about economic "facts." It is fundamentally concerned with—and determines—our social standing as an honest, reliable, profit-generating person.
| Author | : Andrew Clements |
| Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
| Total Pages | : 162 |
| Release | : 2012-03-13 |
| Genre | : Juvenile Fiction |
| ISBN | : 141699520X |
Download Extra Credit Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
It isn’t that Abby Carson can’t do her schoolwork. She just doesn’t like doing it. And in February a warning letter arrives at her home. Abby will have to repeat sixth grade—unless she meets some specific conditions, including taking on an extra-credit project to find a pen pal in a distant country. Seems simple enough. But when Abby’s first letter arrives at a small school in Afghanistan, the village elders agree that any letters going back to America must be written well. In English. And the only qualified student is a boy, Sadeed Bayat. Except in this village, it is not proper for a boy to correspond with a girl. So Sadeed’s younger sister will write the letters. Except she knows hardly any English. So Sadeed must write the letters. For his sister to sign. But what about the villagers who believe that girls should not be anywhere near a school? And what about those who believe that any contact with Americans is . . . unhealthy? Not so simple. But as letters flow back and forth—between the prairies of Illinois and the mountains of central Asia, across cultural and religious divides, through the minefields of different lifestyles and traditions—a small group of children begin to speak and listen to one another. And in just a few short weeks, they make important discoveries about their communities, about their world, and most of all, about themselves.
| Author | : Stephen L. Ross |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 2002-11-08 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780262264334 |
Download The Color of Credit Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
An analysis of current findings on mortgage-lending discrimination and suggestions for new procedures to improve its detection. In 2000, homeownership in the United States stood at an all-time high of 67.4 percent, but the homeownership rate was more than 50 percent higher for non-Hispanic whites than for blacks or Hispanics. Homeownership is the most common method for wealth accumulation and is viewed as critical for access to the most desirable communities and most comprehensive public services. Homeownership and mortgage lending are linked, of course, as the vast majority of home purchases are made with the help of a mortgage loan. Barriers to obtaining a mortgage represent obstacles to attaining the American dream of owning one's own home. These barriers take on added urgency when they are related to race or ethnicity. In this book Stephen Ross and John Yinger discuss what has been learned about mortgage-lending discrimination in recent years. They re-analyze existing loan-approval and loan-performance data and devise new tests for detecting discrimination in contemporary mortgage markets. They provide an in-depth review of the 1996 Boston Fed Study and its critics, along with new evidence that the minority-white loan-approval disparities in the Boston data represent discrimination, not variation in underwriting standards that can be justified on business grounds. Their analysis also reveals several major weaknesses in the current fair-lending enforcement system, namely, that it entirely overlooks one of the two main types of discrimination (disparate impact), misses many cases of the other main type (disparate treatment), and insulates some discriminating lenders from investigation. Ross and Yinger devise new procedures to overcome these weaknesses and show how the procedures can also be applied to discrimination in loan-pricing and credit-scoring.
| Author | : David Stasavage |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : 2011-07-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1400838878 |
Download States of Credit Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
States of Credit provides the first comprehensive look at the joint development of representative assemblies and public borrowing in Europe during the medieval and early modern eras. In this pioneering book, David Stasavage argues that unique advances in political representation allowed certain European states to gain early and advantageous access to credit, but the emergence of an active form of political representation itself depended on two underlying factors: compact geography and a strong mercantile presence. Stasavage shows that active representative assemblies were more likely to be sustained in geographically small polities. These assemblies, dominated by mercantile groups that lent to governments, were in turn more likely to preserve access to credit. Given these conditions, smaller European city-states, such as Genoa and Cologne, had an advantage over larger territorial states, including France and Castile, because mercantile elites structured political institutions in order to effectively monitor public credit. While creditor oversight of public funds became an asset for city-states in need of finance, Stasavage suggests that the long-run implications were more ambiguous. City-states with the best access to credit often had the most closed and oligarchic systems of representation, hindering their ability to accept new economic innovations. This eventually transformed certain city-states from economic dynamos into rentier republics. Exploring the links between representation and debt in medieval and early modern Europe, States of Credit contributes to broad debates about state formation and Europe's economic rise.
| Author | : Robert D. Manning |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2000-12-25 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Credit Card Nation The Consequences Of America's Addiction To Credit Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Credit Card Nation is the first comprehensive look at an ongoing social and economic crisis-America's escalting dependence on credit. By locating consumer debt within the context of corporate and governmental debt.
| Author | : Ciby Joseph |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 454 |
| Release | : 2013-04-22 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 111860489X |
Download Advanced Credit Risk Analysis and Management Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Credit is essential in the modern world and creates wealth, provided it is used wisely. The Global Credit Crisis during 2008/2009 has shown that sound understanding of underlying credit risk is crucial. If credit freezes, almost every activity in the economy is affected. The best way to utilize credit and get results is to understand credit risk. Advanced Credit Risk Analysis and Management helps the reader to understand the various nuances of credit risk. It discusses various techniques to measure, analyze and manage credit risk for both lenders and borrowers. The book begins by defining what credit is and its advantages and disadvantages, the causes of credit risk, a brief historical overview of credit risk analysis and the strategic importance of credit risk in institutions that rely on claims or debtors. The book then details various techniques to study the entity level credit risks, including portfolio level credit risks. Authored by a credit expert with two decades of experience in corporate finance and corporate credit risk, the book discusses the macroeconomic, industry and financial analysis for the study of credit risk. It covers credit risk grading and explains concepts including PD, EAD and LGD. It also highlights the distinction with equity risks and touches on credit risk pricing and the importance of credit risk in Basel Accords I, II and III. The two most common credit risks, project finance credit risk and working capital credit risk, are covered in detail with illustrations. The role of diversification and credit derivatives in credit portfolio management is considered. It also reflects on how the credit crisis develops in an economy by referring to the bubble formation. The book links with the 2008/2009 credit crisis and carries out an interesting discussion on how the credit crisis may have been avoided by following the fundamentals or principles of credit risk analysis and management. The book is essential for both lenders and borrowers. Containing case studies adapted from real life examples and exercises, this important text is practical, topical and challenging. It is useful for a wide spectrum of academics and practitioners in credit risk and anyone interested in commercial and corporate credit and related products.
| Author | : Anthony Davenport |
| Publisher | : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1328695271 |
Download Your Score Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A road map for how to navigate the confusing, secretive world of consumer credit, and how to upgrade and correct your score.
| Author | : Pearl B. Polto |
| Publisher | : Berkley |
| Total Pages | : 122 |
| Release | : 1996-05-01 |
| Genre | : Consumer credit |
| ISBN | : 9780425152973 |
Download Pearl Polto's Easy Guide to Good Credit Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For those Americans who have difficulty establishing and maintaining good credit habits, this guide teaches readers how to establish good credit, cope with collection agencies, avoid bankruptcy, and more. Reprint.
| Author | : Tony Risk |
| Publisher | : Independently Published |
| Total Pages | : 156 |
| Release | : 2020-04-08 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Credit Secrets Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Do you want to learn the best tricks and secrets to repair your credit and improve your score? Your credit score is considered to be one of the most crucial factors in your financial life. Decide if a loan or credit line will be requested. A credit score is a numerically determined number created by the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) that lenders use to evaluate potential customers. You are probably one of the millions of people who are struggling to repair your credit. You find yourself trying everything from paying your credit card debt to removing new credit cards and checking your monthly payment. While this helps, however, note that your score is low. You won't be able to buy a home for your family and find yourself struggling to find an auto dealer that will work with your credit. In fact, you end up taking a car loan with high-interest rates because it is considered a serious risk. You may have had health problems, which have caused you financial difficulties for a couple of years. There are dozens of reasons why people find themselves with bad credit. There are also dozens of reasons why people struggle to fix it. How to handle this situation? In this book, I will explain everything you need to know to start managing your money better and change your financial situation. But before you can be alarmed, I immediately want to calm down on one thing. Although it may seem difficult to do, you can manage your money better and everyone can do it. If you strictly follow my instructions and if you commit yourself a little, I am sure that you will not have any problem with doing what I recommend. If you too, like so many other people, find it difficult to manage your money and you cannot live with dignity on your salary or the income from your work, read this book that I have written for you. Scroll To The Top And Click The Buy Now Button.
| Author | : Gregory Smith |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 230 |
| Release | : 2021-12-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 019764421X |
Download Where Credit is Due Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Borrowing is a crucial source of financing for governments all over the world. If they get it wrong, then debt crises can bring progress to a halt. But if it's done right, investment happens and conditions improve. African countries are seeking calmer capital, to raise living standards and give their economies a competitive edge. The African debt landscape has changed radically in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Since the clean slate of extensive debt relief, states have sought new borrowing opportunities from international capital markets and emerging global powers like China. The new debt composition has increased risk, exacerbated by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: richer countries borrowed at rock-bottom interest rates, while Africa faced an expensive jump in indebtedness. The escalating debt burden has provoked calls by the G20 for suspension of debt payments. But Africa's debt today is highly complex, and owed to a wider range of lenders. A new approach is needed, and could turn crisis into opportunity. Urgent action by both lenders and borrowers can reduce risk, while carefully preserving market access; and smart deployment of private finance can provide the scale of investment needed to achieve development goals and tackle the climate emergency.
