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Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life

Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life
Author: Heinz F. Prechtl
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 272
Release: 1984
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780521412148

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Is the human neonate indeed "physiological premature," as has been frequently stated? How does human neural development compare with that of other primate species? Is early human development a gradual unfolding of neural mechanisms from prenatal to postnatal life, or does it show rapid transformations at particular ages? The aim of this book is to answer these and similar questions about the functional repertoire of the human fetus, neonate, and young infant. Two main theoretical concepts are considered: first, the relationship between neural maturation and the duration of pregnancy and second, the existence of ontogenetic adaptations. Surveys and findings relevant to these concepts are provided by experts from various disciplines involved in research on fetal and preterm development and on the first three months of postnatal life. This book differs from many others summarizing descriptive knowledge of the field by emphasizing new theoretical concepts of early functional development. Recent ultrasound studies of the fetus have contributed greatly to this new approach, which has clear implications for the assessment and care of young infants. This thought-provoking book will be of interest to developmental neurologists, pediatricians and obstetricians, as well as to developmental psychologists and physical anthropologists.


Prenatal Development of Postnatal Functions

Prenatal Development of Postnatal Functions
Author: Brian Hopkins
Publisher: Praeger
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2005-05-30
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9780275981266

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This book shows how, and in what ways, prenatal development serves as a preparation for life after birth. Largely, such explanation stemming from the transnatal continuity theory has been ignored in mainstream developmental psychology. However, since the advent of real-time ultrasonography with humans, and increasingly refined experiements with avian and mammalian species, plausible scenarios linking prenatal and postnatal development are beginning to emerge. One is the theory of fetal programming. Here, the authors provide authoritative reviews of current knowledge regarding continuities and discontinuities between prenatal and postnatal development of brain-behavior relationships across a variety of species, including humans.


Behavior of the Fetus

Behavior of the Fetus
Author: Scott R. Robinson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 252
Release: 1990-08-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780936923130

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This decade has seen a resurgence of interest in the prenatal development of behavior in animals, in part due to new technology which permits noninvasive, indirect monitoring of fetal activity and in part due to improved surgical procedures and other techniques that permit direct monitoring. All of these new techniques and methods are replacing the speculation of the past with empirical data about prenatal behavior. This volume provides a summary of the current state of thought. Historically, researchers have approached the subject from many different fields: child development, pediatric medicine, obstetrics, behavioral embryology, neurobiology, and psychobiology. This present volume attempts to unite these diverse interests by providing a concise introduction to the major conceptual issues, theoretical questions and empirically derived speculation as framed by leading scholars in the field of prenatal behavioral research. Researchers in fetal physiology and behavior, neonatal physiology and behavior, obstetrics, pediatrics, child development, and behavioral development will find this book useful in their own specific areas of concentration.


Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Motor Development

Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Motor Development
Author: Kevin J. Connolly
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 400
Release: 1997-01-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781898683100

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A unique analysis of childhood motor development from the perspectives of both neuropsychology and neurophysiology.


Maternal Influences on Fetal Neurodevelopment

Maternal Influences on Fetal Neurodevelopment
Author: Andrew W. Zimmerman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 174
Release: 2010-09-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1603279210

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Novel Approaches into the Origins of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Fetal Physiology Foundation Over the past two decades, autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that is defined by behavior and was once believed to be rare, became recognized in increasing numbers of children and recently received distinction as an “epidemic” [1]. While numbers of affected children have steadily increased, our knowledge is still ins- ficient to explain autism’s diverse causes and broad range of presentations. Despite remarkable progress in research, available medical diagnostic testing applies only to a small minority of affected children. Thus, scientifically based explanations with which physicians can diagnose and treat the majority of children with autism and advise their parents are quite limited. Our society and scientific community were unprepared for the rise in autism, which explains our present inability to understand most of its causes. Researchers in neurodevelopmental disorders have long been aware of other disorders that, despite extensive efforts, have not yielded clear genetic or environmental origins, and autism has become symbolic of the need for new approaches to research into these complex conditions. Although autism has captured our attention in recent years, the prevalence of other neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention de- cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder, among others, also has been increasing [2–4].


Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience

Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience
Author: Mauro Mancia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2007-04-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 8847005507

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Recent scientific studies have brought significant advances in the understanding of basic mental functions such as memory, dreams, identification, repression, which constitute the basis of the psychoanalytical theory. This book focuses on the possibility of interactions between psychoanalysis and neuroscience: emotions and the right hemisphere, serotonin and depression. It is a unique tool for professionals and students in these fields, and for operators of allied disciplines, such as psychology and psychotherapy.


Plausible Neural Networks for Biological Modelling

Plausible Neural Networks for Biological Modelling
Author: H.A. Mastebroek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9401006741

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The expression 'Neural Networks' refers traditionally to a class of mathematical algorithms that obtain their proper performance while they 'learn' from examples or from experience. As a consequence, they are suitable for performing straightforward and relatively simple tasks like classification, pattern recognition and prediction, as well as more sophisticated tasks like the processing of temporal sequences and the context dependent processing of complex problems. Also, a wide variety of control tasks can be executed by them, and the suggestion is relatively obvious that neural networks perform adequately in such cases because they are thought to mimic the biological nervous system which is also devoted to such tasks. As we shall see, this suggestion is false but does not do any harm as long as it is only the final performance of the algorithm which counts. Neural networks are also used in the modelling of the functioning of (sub systems in) the biological nervous system. It will be clear that in such cases it is certainly not irrelevant how similar their algorithm is to what is precisely going on in the nervous system. Standard artificial neural networks are constructed from 'units' (roughly similar to neurons) that transmit their 'activity' (similar to membrane potentials or to mean firing rates) to other units via 'weight factors' (similar to synaptic coupling efficacies).


Donald School Fetal Brain Functioning

Donald School Fetal Brain Functioning
Author: Asim Kurjak
Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
Total Pages: 231
Release: 2022-06-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9354656463

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Regression Periods in Human infancy

Regression Periods in Human infancy
Author: Mikael Heimann
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 235
Release: 2003-10-17
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1135638845

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Regression periods play a central role in the psychological development of the human baby. Studies of infants have identified 10 periods of regression, or a return to a high frequency of mother-infant contact, within the first 20 months of life. These periods of emotional insecurity in the child signal forthcoming periods of developmental advance and the emergence of an array of new skills as a consequence of parent-infant conflict over body contact and the renegotiation of old privileges. Although the basic idea in this book is an old one, the authors believe that regression periods deserve further study and have identified four questions of central importance today: *Can the phenomenon of regression periods as found by Dutch researchers in 1992 be replicated in other countries and cultures? *What environmental conditions have an effect on these regression periods and how? *Are there physical conditions in infants that show a non-linear distribution over age similar to regression periods? *Have brain changes been detected since the review of Fischer & Rose (1994) at other ages than the six reported by them, and, if yes, how do these relate to the ages at which regression periods are found? Forming the core of this book, the replication studies performed in Sweden, Spain, and England provide support that regression periods are a rreliable phenomenon and should be dealt with accordingly whenever developmental processes in infancy are discussed.


Development of Normal Fetal Movements

Development of Normal Fetal Movements
Author: Alessandra Piontelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 139
Release: 2010-11-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 8847014026

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This work sees the light for various reasons. There is a general lack of detailed information about the earliest stages of human motor development. The reasons for this are explained more fully in the Introduction; here we may simply state that, apart from their intrinsic interest, earlier phenomena are fundamental to the comprehension of later phenomena rooted in them, whether pathological or normal. This is especially so in the rapidly - veloping young organism. At birth the neonate is catapulted into a profoundly different physical and social envir- ment requiring extremely diverse functioning: suffice it to mention aerial respiration, no longer being fed through the placenta and the cord, and the full impact of gravity on neonatal movements. The neonate generally adapts smoothly to the transition, as it has been equipped to do so during the 9 months of pregnancy. However, the study of the early stages of fetal motor development should not be exclusively directed towards the und- standing of functioning in the neonate.