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Britain and State Formation in Arabia 1962–1971

Britain and State Formation in Arabia 1962–1971
Author: Clive Jones
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2018-12-07
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1351367846

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Half a century ago, Britain abandoned Aden, its last colonial outpost in the Arab world as its attempt to establish a new polity foundered amid a rising tide of Arab nationalism, tribal infighting and anti-colonial sentiment that eventually gave rise to the establishment of South Yemen. Yet just over three years later in 1971, a new state, the United Arab Emirates, emerged in Arabia, formed from the old Trucial states over which Britain had long held sway. At a time when state failure and fragmentation has become synonymous with much of the Middle East and where the very idea of sovereignty and legitimacy have become contested issues, this comparative historical study of the varied British attempts at state creation on the Arabian peninsula offers important insights into the limits of external ambition, as well as the possibilities that great power retrenchment offered to the peoples of the region. The legacy of British influence in Aden and Abu Dhabi still very much resonates today; this volume explains why. This book was originally published as a special issue of Middle Eastern Studies.


Centers of Power in the Arab Gulf States

Centers of Power in the Arab Gulf States
Author: Kristian Coates Ulrichsen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2024-02-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0197783317

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How are authority and influence accumulated and wielded across the six Gulf states? Mixing theoretical and empirical insights, and utilising both historical and contemporary examples, this book offers a comparative analysis of military, political, economic and religious power in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as well as of the power of narrative. While many volumes examine each of these states individually, Centers of Power in the Arab Gulf States assesses the Arabian Peninsula as a whole, filling a significant gap in the literature. It surveys the myriad factors which have influenced the emergence of these states, societies and political economies, which have become increasingly assertive actors in today's global order. Exploring domestic, regional and transnational pressures, Kristian Coates Ulrichsen sheds light on the varying concepts of power and authority, the different forms they take, the ways they are projected, and the practical constraints on their exercise. From whom does power derive? Is it something different from influence and ambition? Is decision-making top-down or bottom-up, or a mixture of both? From bureaucrats to scholars, and from royals to opposition figures, Coates Ulrichsen uncovers the power relations shaping the Gulf today.


The End of Pax Britannica in the Persian Gulf, 1968-1971

The End of Pax Britannica in the Persian Gulf, 1968-1971
Author: Brandon Friedman
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2020-11-17
Genre: History
ISBN: 3030561828

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This book examines how the rulers in the Persian Gulf responded to the British announcement of military withdrawal from the Gulf in 1968, ending 150 years of military supremacy in the region. The British system in the Gulf was accepted for more than a century not merely because the British were the dominant military power in the region. The balance of power mattered, but so did the framework within which the British exercised their power. The search for a new political framework, which began when the British announced withdrawal, was not simply a matter of which ruler would amass enough military power to fill the void left by the British: it was also a matter of the Gulf rulers – chiefly Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the ruling shaykhs of the lower Gulf – coming to a shared understanding of when and how the exercise of power would be viewed as legitimate. This book explores what shaped the rulers’ ideas and actions in the region as the British system came to an end, providing a much-needed political history of the region in the lead-up to the independence of the UAE, Bahrain, and Qatar in 1971.


Israel in a Turbulent Region

Israel in a Turbulent Region
Author: Tore T. Petersen
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 302
Release: 2019-03-14
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0429864779

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This anthology examines and deconstructs what Israeli security looks like and how its various security identities have evolved both before the establishment of the state and in the years and decades since 1948. It casts light on how aspects of Israel’s foreign relations have been shaped as much by internal politics as by external challenge. Further, not only does it answer the questions surrounding Israel’s past, but examines carefully what type of country it has now become. Compared to much of the turbulence in the region, Israel’s diplomacies have been remarkably resilient and inventive. With the background of 100th anniversary of the Balfour declaration this book is a multidisciplinary study using several different methodological approaches; from discursive analyses, to theories of memories and identity, to interviews with Israeli soldiers in the field, to a legal approach to the topic, as well as International Relations studies and traditional archival studies. South Africa was one of Israel’s main partners in terms of security cooperation and weapons research and development until the fall of the apartheid regime. This has been compensated with Israel opening up diplomatic relations with China (1991) and India (1992) and extending its ties with Japan. While the EU often criticize Israel’s policies against the Palestinians, this is mostly rhetoric as for practical purposes Israel is like a member of the EU. This comprehensive volume studying contemporary Israel is an invaluable resource for students and scholars interested in Foreign and Security Policy, Israel and the Middle East.


The End of Empires and a World Remade

The End of Empires and a World Remade
Author: Martin Thomas
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 672
Release: 2024-03-19
Genre: History
ISBN: 0691190925

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A capacious history of decolonization, from the decline of empires to the era of globalization Empires, until recently, were everywhere. They shaped borders, stirred conflicts, and set the terms of international politics. With the collapse of empire came a fundamental reorganization of our world. Decolonization unfolded across territories as well as within them. Its struggles became internationalized and transnational, as much global campaigns of moral disarmament against colonial injustice as local contests of arms. In this expansive history, Martin Thomas tells the story of decolonization and its intrinsic link to globalization. He traces the connections between these two transformative processes: the end of formal empire and the acceleration of global integration, market reorganization, cultural exchange, and migration. The End of Empires and a World Remade shows how profoundly decolonization shaped the process of globalization in the wake of empire collapse. In the second half of the twentieth century, decolonization catalyzed new international coalitions; it triggered partitions and wars; and it reshaped North-South dynamics. Globalization promised the decolonized greater access to essential resources, to wider networks of influence, and to worldwide audiences, but its neoliberal variant has reinforced economic inequalities and imperial forms of political and cultural influences. In surveying these two codependent histories across the world, from Latin America to Asia, Thomas explains why the deck was so heavily stacked against newly independent nations. Decolonization stands alongside the great world wars as the most transformative event of twentieth-century history. In The End of Empires and a World Remade, Thomas offers a masterful analysis of the greatest process of state-making (and empire-unmaking) in modern history.


Compact Atlas of the World

Compact Atlas of the World
Author:
Publisher: Penguin
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2012-01-16
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 0756698596

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DK's outstanding cartography and design combine to create this fifth edition of Compact Atlas of the World, an exceptionally appealing and accessible general atlas in a budget-friendly package. The clear presentation and balanced coverage of all the world's nations lends a strong educational aspect to the atlas, making it a valuable reference resource.


Fueling Sovereignty

Fueling Sovereignty
Author: Naosuke Mukoyama
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 247
Release: 2024-03-21
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1009444255

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European colonialism was often driven by the pursuit of natural resources, and the resulting colonization and decolonization processes have had a profound impact on the formation of the majority of sovereign states that exist today. But how exactly have natural resources influenced the creation of formerly colonized states? And would the world map of sovereign states look significantly different if not for these resources? These questions are at the heart of Fueling Sovereignty, which focuses primarily on oil as the most significant natural resource of the modern era. Naosuke Mukoyama provides a compelling analysis of how colonial oil politics contributed to the creation of some of the world's most “unlikely” states. Drawing on extensive archival sources on Brunei, Qatar and Bahrain, he sheds light on how some small colonial entities achieved independence despite their inclusion in a merger project promoted by the metropole and regional powers.


Leadership Development in the Middle East

Leadership Development in the Middle East
Author: Beverley Metcalfe
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0857938118

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Leadership in the Middle East has never been as vital as it is in the wake of the global financial crisis and the Arab Spring Ð yet there is a lack of detailed knowledge concerning strategies for developing capacity in leadership, national skills and knowledge management. This volume aims to address this deficit. This book is the first text on the subject of leadership development in the Middle East to be published in English (drawing on both English and Arabic scholarship) and will contribute to the knowledge and understanding of leadership theory and practice in the global economy. The volume provides in-depth analysis of the social, political and economic factors that shape leadership capacity building efforts and shows how leadership behaviours and practices differ from those in the West, reflecting an ethic of care, social responsibility and concern for developing both organization and individual capabilities as well as fostering community improvement and nation-building and advancing social justice and human well-being. The book reveals the complexity of leadership behaviours in the region and contextualizes analyses with broader contemporary debates including migration, governance, climate change and political leadership succession. The book also includes original insights into the role of women in leadership in business, politics and the community. This unique volume will benefit international organizational behaviour/development specialists, international human resource development practitioners and students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It will be invaluable to development specialists, HR consultants and practitioners on assignment in the Middle East and for policy and capacity development experts in NGOs and international organizations such as the ILO, UN and World Bank.


Ibn Sa'ud and Britain

Ibn Sa'ud and Britain
Author: Dhaifallah Alotaibi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre: History
ISBN:

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The period under study, 1902-1914, has received little attention in Arab and Britishhistoriography. The study of the British-Sa'udi relationship has tended only to enterwestern historiography when the relationship was performing well and linked, directly, toeconomic, diplomatic and military scenarios. Such periods include the 1930s, after thecreation of the Kingdom of Sa'udi Arabia, and the 1940s with regard to economic andpolitical issues based on oil exploitation. Publication of books on Sa'udi Arabia boomed inthe 1970s as a result of the increasingly important role of the country in internationalaffairs.To the knowledge of the author, the present work is the first Ph.D. thesis that focusesentirely on the period from 1902 (the re-capture of Riyadh) to 1914 (the first formalBritish- Sa'udi negotiation). The study focuses on two regions: Najd and Al-Hasa. Overall,it explores the multiple factors influencing pre-state formation in Sa'udi Arabia. Inparticular, this thesis investigates the British-Sa'udi relationship with a focus onunderstanding British and international point of views, as well as the internaldevelopments in the Arabian Peninsula under Ibn Sa'ud. This work studies thetransformation of the 'no interference' British policy (first established in the appendix ofthe 1840 London Convention for the Pacification of the Levant) from 1902 to the pointdirect communications with Ibn Sa'ud were established in 1914 and before the Anglo-Najdi (Darin) Treaty in 1915.A major contribution to this research is the plurality of primary sources. Thesematerials include correspondence between the various parties involved, and encompass -amongst other material - reports, public records, private papers, newspapers, andphotographs. The author has consulted both English and Arabic literature. Specialattention has been given to British primary sources as well as to Arabic translations ofBritish documents.Finally, this thesis takes a refreshing approach to pre-state formation in Sa'udi Arabia.This approach is not focused on religious or nationalistic studies but rather a transnationalperspective. It does so in order to discuss relationships that arose and were createdbetween people and institutions. In practical terms this meant that the research took placewithin a specified spatial and chronological context. Moreover, and with regard tocontents, the thesis identifies key players/protagonists and assesses the connections and3relationships that emerged between them. In so doing it sought to identify the themes thatemerged from the study of primary sources instead of starting with a general system (suchas globalisation or nationalism) and thereafter exploring their manifestations.This approach informed the in depth analysis of the period from 1902 to 1914 which iscritical to this study. In so doing it further explores the internal and external factors thatshaped the development of the British-Sa'udi relationship. This relationship was initiatedby Ibn Sa'ud, went through a series of turbulations, refusals and frustrations that did notalter Ibn Sa'ud's commitment to gain British support. From these early stages, aftergaining control over local and regional conflicts, Ibn Sa'ud emerged as a political leaderwith strategic plans to engage the British in the future of his country. The annexation ofAl-Qassim and Al-Hasa, were game changers since they have transformed the centralArabia problem into a Gulf situation where the British had to take action and engage indirect communications with Ibn Sa'ud. The change in British attitude has traditionally beenunderstood within the geopolitical dynamics of WWI and the deteriorating British-Ottoman relationship. This thesis recognises that the changing British - Ottoman, Ottoman-Arab relationships and the challenges of WW1, are crucial in understanding thedevelopments during the end of this early period; however, it shifts the focus from thestudy of large scale imperial dynamics to local/regional changes taking place in centralArabia and discusses their impact. The years leading to WW1 might have eased thechange in British position most crucially after the Ottoman Empire seceded completelyfollowing the Balkan Wars of 1912-13 (which caused several national and ethnicconfrontations leading to the outbreak of WWI). Nevertheless, this thesis posits that withinthis international context, local events have had a significant impact in forging a directArab-British relationship in the early period of pre-state formation in central Arabia from1902 to 1914: by expanding to Hasa, Ibn Sa'ud brought the previously isolated centralArabia to the centre of long term British Imperial interests in the Gulf. The decisive factorshould therefore be found in Ibn Sa'ud's strategic expansion from 1902-1914 thatpositioned him (deliberately) in a complex, polycentric world where he could claim newboundaries for his territories, negotiate relationships and force a change in the Britishattitude to his advantage.