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Bank Profitability and Financial Stability

Bank Profitability and Financial Stability
Author: Ms.TengTeng Xu
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2019-01-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484390075

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We analyze how bank profitability impacts financial stability from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. We first develop a theoretical model of the relationship between bank profitability and financial stability by exploring the role of non-interest income and retail-oriented business models. We then conduct panel regression analysis to examine the empirical determinants of bank risks and profitability, and how the level and the source of bank profitability affect risks for 431 publicly traded banks (U.S., advanced Europe, and GSIBs) from 2004 to 2017. Results reveal that profitability is negatively associated with both a bank’s contribution to systemic risk and its idiosyncratic risk, and an over-reliance on non-interest income, wholesale funding and leverage is associated with higher risks. Low competition is associated with low idiosyncratic risk but a high contribution to systemic risk. Lastly, the problem loans ratio and the cost-to-income ratio are found to be key factors that influence bank profitability. The paper’s findings suggest that policy makers should strive to better understand the source of bank profitability, especially where there is an over-reliance on market-based non-interest income, leverage, and wholesale funding.


Breaking the Bank? A Probabilistic Assessment of Euro Area Bank Profitability

Breaking the Bank? A Probabilistic Assessment of Euro Area Bank Profitability
Author: Selim Elekdag
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2019-11-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513522256

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This paper explores the determinants of profitability across large euro area banks using a novel approach based on conditional profitability distributions. Real GDP growth and the NPL ratio are shown to be the most reliable determinants of bank profitability. However, the estimated conditional distributions reveal that, while higher growth would raise profits on average, a large swath of banks would most likely continue to struggle even amid a strong economic recovery. Therefore, for some banks, a determined reduction in NPLs combined with cost efficiency improvements and customized changes to their business models appears to be the most promising strategy for durably raising profitability.


Banking in Europe

Banking in Europe
Author: Mariarosa Borroni
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2019-04-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3030150135

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This Palgrave Pivot provides a comprehensive overview of the dynamics that are affecting the profitability of European banks since the recent crisis period. More specifically, it sheds light on the most crucial changes in profit generation and on the consequential changes in banking strategies due to fiercer competition, reduced margin and changing regulation. The work is divided in four main parts. The first section introduces the changes in bank management policies, considering the periods before and since the crisis. In the second section, the authors review the literature on bank profitability and outline the main determinants of profit generation, and in the third section they provide a cross-country analysis of profitability for a wide sample of European banks during the great financial crisis. In the last section, the authors discuss the results of the quantitative analysis under the new regulatory and competitive framework that is progressively affecting the banking sector (fintech, Basel regulations, etc.). This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and students of European banking.


Banking in a Steady State of Low Growth and Interest Rates

Banking in a Steady State of Low Growth and Interest Rates
Author: Qianying Chen
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2018-08-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484373871

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A prolonged low-interest-rate environment presents a significant challenge to banks and is likely to entail major changes to their business models over the long-run. Lower returns to maturity transformation in the face of flatter yield curves and an inability to offer deposit rates significantly below zero combine to compress bank earnings in this environment. Smaller, deposit-funded, less diversified banks are hurt most, increasing consolidation pressures and reach-for-yield incentives, presenting new financial stability challenges.To the extent that such an economic environment reflects a new, steady-state with lower equilibrium growth driven by population aging and slower productivity growth, lower credit demand is likely to drive banking toward provision of fee-based, utility services.


New Challenges in Banking and Finance

New Challenges in Banking and Finance
Author: NESRIN ÖZATAÇ
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2017-11-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3319668722

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This volume presents current developments in the fields of banking and finance from an international perspective. Featuring contributions from the 2nd International Conference on Banking and Finance Perspectives (ICBFP), this volume serves as a valuable forum for discussing current issues and trends in the banking and financial sectors, especially in light of the global economic challenges triggered by financial institutions. Using the latest theoretical models, new perspectives are brought to topics such as e-finance and e-banking, Islamic banking, international cross-border regulatory cooperation, bank fraud, the global financial crisis, microfinance, and corporate control transactions. Offering an opportunity to explore the challenges of a rapidly changing industry, this volume will be of interest to academics, policy makers, and scholars in the fields of banking, insurance, and finance.


Global Approaches in Financial Economics, Banking, and Finance

Global Approaches in Financial Economics, Banking, and Finance
Author: Hasan Dincer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 483
Release: 2018-06-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3319784943

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This volume discusses the impact of Financial Economics, Growth Dynamics, and the Finance & Banking sector in the economies of countries. The contributors analyse and discuss the effects of the recent financial crises on the economic growth and performance in various countries. The volume covers aspects like foreign borrowing, impact on productivity and debt crises that are strongly affected by the financial volatility of recent years and includes examples from Europe and Asia. In addition, the authors give particular attention to the private sector of Finance and Banking, which is deeply interwoven with the financial performance of a country’s economy. Examples such as bank profitability and troubled loans are covered and the volume also discusses the economic impact of banks such as the Ottoman Bank in a national economy. The book also explores the importance of financial stability, intellectual capital and bank performance for a stable economic environment.


When They Go Low, We Go High? Measuring Bank Market Power in a Low-for-Long Environment

When They Go Low, We Go High? Measuring Bank Market Power in a Low-for-Long Environment
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2021-05-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513573527

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We examine trends in bank competition since the early 2000s. The Lerner index—arguably the most commonly used measure—shows evidence of a marked increase in market power in advanced economies, especially after the global financial crisis. But other frequently used indicators of banking sector competition seem much more muted. We show that the significant drop in policy rates that occurred in the aftermath of the crisis could explain the seeming disconnect. Adjusting the Lerner index for the impact of policy rates reveals that market power has been fairly constant in advanced economies—consistent with the other signals and similar to the pattern observed in emerging markets.


Bank Profitability and Risk-Taking

Bank Profitability and Risk-Taking
Author: Natalya Martynova
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2015-11-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513517589

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Traditional theory suggests that more profitable banks should have lower risk-taking incentives. Then why did many profitable banks choose to invest in untested financial instruments before the crisis, realizing significant losses? We attempt to reconcile theory and evidence. In our setup, banks are endowed with a fixed core business. They take risk by levering up to engage in risky ‘side activities’(such as market-based investments) alongside the core business. A more profitable core business allows a bank to borrow more and take side risks on a larger scale, offsetting lower incentives to take risk of given size. Consequently, more profitable banks may have higher risk-taking incentives. The framework is consistent with cross-sectional patterns of bank risk-taking in the run up to the recent financial crisis.


Pushed Past the Limit? How Japanese Banks Reacted to Negative Interest Rates

Pushed Past the Limit? How Japanese Banks Reacted to Negative Interest Rates
Author: Mr.Gee Hee Hong
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2018-06-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 148436161X

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In this paper, we investigate how negative interest rate policy (NIRP) introduced in January 2016 by the Bank of Japan (BoJ) affected Japanese banks' lending and risk taking behavior. The BoJ's announcement was an unexpected surprise to the market and was followed by a sharp drop in equity prices of Japanese financial firms. We exploit the cross-sectional variation in the change of share prices on the day of the announcement to measure banks' differential exposure to NIRP. We show that more exposed banks increased their credit and took on more risk compared to banks that were less exposed to negative rates.


JGB Yield Curve and Macro-Financial Stability

JGB Yield Curve and Macro-Financial Stability
Author: Mr. Salih Fendoglu
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 13
Release: 2023-05-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Given that there is exceptionally high uncertainty around the domestic inflation outlook, allowing for greater flexibility in long-term Japanese Government Bond (JGB) yields by the Bank of Japan (BoJ) could be considered going forward. Against this background, this study empirically finds that a steeper JGB yield curve helps improve banks’ profitability, especially after a year lag, and the overall impact hinges on macroeconomic and financial market responses. A steeper JGB yield curve could also have spillovers on global yields. Financial sector policies to mitigate short-term vulnerabilities in case the JGB yield curve steepens could be considered, including by further strengthening engagement with financial institutions with relatively high exposure to interest rate movements, to better harness the benefits in the medium term.