Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program
Author | : John F. Kennedy Space Center |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1959 |
Genre | : Space vehicles |
ISBN | : |
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Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Apollo And Americas Moon Landing Program Apollo 11 Countdown And Flight Plan PDF full book. Access full book title Apollo And Americas Moon Landing Program Apollo 11 Countdown And Flight Plan.
Author | : John F. Kennedy Space Center |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1959 |
Genre | : Space vehicles |
ISBN | : |
Author | : World Spaceflight News Staff |
Publisher | : World Spaceflight News |
Total Pages | : 170 |
Release | : 2000-08 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781893472099 |
Author | : World Spaceflight News |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 442 |
Release | : 2017-10-28 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781973169420 |
Four comprehensive official NASA documents chronicle the historic mission of Apollo 11, which accomplished the first landing of humans on the moon in July 1969. Two technical mission reports, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) Apollo 11 Mission Report and the NASA Headquarters Mission Operation Report (MOR), provide complete details about every aspect of the mission. Apollo 11 MSC Mission Report: Mission description, pilots' report, lunar decent and ascent, communications, trajectory, command and service module performance, lunar module performance, extravehicular mobility unit performance, the lunar surface, biomedical evaluation, mission support performance, assessment of mission objectives, launch vehicle summary, anomaly summary (CSM, LM, government furnished equipment), conclusions, vehicle descriptions, spacecraft histories, postflight testing, data availability, glossary. Apollo 11 MOR: Mission design and execution, spacecraft performance, flight anomalies, detailed objectives and experiments, launch countdown for the Apollo-Saturn AS-506 launch vehicle, detailed flight mission description, back contamination program, contingency operations, configuration differences, mission support, recovery support plan, flight crew, mission management responsibility, program management, abbreviations and acronyms Apollo 11 Press Kit: Countdown, Launch events, mission events, mission trajectory and maneuver description, earth parking orbit (EPO), trans-lunar injection (TLI), translunar coast, lunar orbit insertion, lunar module descent, lunar landing, EVA, lunar sample collection, LM ascent, lunar orbit rendezvous, transearth injection (TEI), transearth coast, entry and landing, recovery operations, quarantine, Lunar Receiving Laboratory, go/no-go decision points, alternate missions, abort modes, deep space aborts, onboard television, photographic tasks, lunar description, lunar landing sites, CSM systems, lunar module structures, Saturn V launch vehicle, Apollo 11 crew, Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package, ALRH, launch operations, Launch Complex 39, Manned Space Flight Network, ARIA, tracking ships, contamination control program, Apollo program management, Principal Investigators and Sample Investigations, Glossary, acronyms and abbreviations. NASA Mission Report (PAO Release) - At 10:56 P.M. EDT, Sunday, July 20. Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, spacecraft commander of Apollo 11, set foot on the moon. His descent from the lowest rung of the ladder which was attached to a leg of the lower stage of the Lunar Module (LM), to the footpad, and then to the surface of earth's only natural satellite constituted the climax of a national effort that began in 1961. It was an effort that involved, at its peak, more than 300,000 people in industry, the universities and in government. As he took his epochal step, Armstrong commented "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for Mankind." Sharing this electric moment with Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, the LM pilot, were an estimated half-billion TV watchers in most of the earth's nations. As the astronaut descended the ladder, he pulled a "D" ring that deployed a black and white television camera which was focused to record the event. Framed by parts of the LM's under-carriage, Armstrong's heavily-booted left foot descended across millions of TV tubes until his boot sole made contact.
Author | : World Spaceflight News |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 324 |
Release | : 2017-11-27 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781973397519 |
Three comprehensive official NASA documents - converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction - chronicle the incredible journey of Apollo 10, which tested the Lunar Module in lunar orbit for the first time, paving the way for the Apollo 11 landing mission. It was conducted by astronauts Stafford, Cernan, and Young in May 1969. Two technical mission reports, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) Apollo Mission Report and the NASA Headquarters Mission Operation Report (MOR), provide complete details about every aspect of the mission. Apollo 10 MSC Mission Report: Mission description, pilots' report, communications, trajectory, command and service module performance, mission support performance, assessment of mission objectives, launch vehicle summary, anomaly summary (CSM, LM, government furnished equipment), conclusions, vehicle descriptions. Apollo 10 MOR: Mission design and execution, spacecraft performance, flight anomalies, detailed objectives and experiments, launch countdown, detailed flight mission description, back contamination program, contingency operations, configuration differences, mission support, recovery support plan, flight crew, mission management responsibility, program management, abbreviations and acronyms. Apollo 10 Press Kit: Detailed preview from countdown to landing. The Apollo 10 mission encompassed all aspects of an actual crewed lunar landing, except the landing. It was the first flight of a complete, crewed Apollo spacecraft to operate around the moon. Objectives included a scheduled eight-hour lunar orbit of the separated lunar module, or LM, and descent to about nine miles off the moon's surface before ascending for rendezvous and docking with the command and service module, or CSM, in about a 70-mile circular lunar orbit. Pertinent data to be gathered in this landing rehearsal dealt with the lunar potential, or gravitational effect, to refine the Earth-based crewed spaceflight network tracking techniques, and to check out LM programmed trajectories and radar, and lunar flight control systems. Twelve television transmissions to Earth were planned. All mission objectives were achieved. Apollo 10 launched from Cape Kennedy on May 18, 1969, into a nominal 115-mile circular Earth-parking orbit at an inclination of 32.5 degrees. One-and-a-half orbits later, translunar injection occurred. The S-IVB fired to increase velocity from 25,593 to 36,651 feet per second on a free-return trajectory. Twenty-five minutes later, the CSM separated for transposition and docking with the LM, similar to the maneuver performed on Apollo 9. The orbital vehicle was comprised of the S-IVB stage, and its payload of the CSM, the LM and spacecraft-lunar module adapter, or SLA, shroud. The Apollo 10 crew members were Commander Thomas Stafford, Command Module Pilot John Young and Lunar Module Pilot Eugene Cernan. The first live color TV transmissions to Earth began three hours after launch when Apollo 10 was 3,570 miles from Earth and concluded when the spacecraft was 9,428 miles away. The transmission showed the docking process and the interior of the CSM. About four hours after launch, Apollo 10 separated from the S-IVB sage, which was followed by another telecast from 14,625 miles out. A third TV transmission of pictures of Earth was made from 24,183 miles out, and a fourth telecast of the Earth was made from 140,000 miles. The LM flew over Landing Site 2 in the Sea of Tranquility. During this run, the LM landing radar was tested for altitude functioning, providing both "high gate" and "low gate" data.
Author | : Science Editions |
Publisher | : Lulu.com |
Total Pages | : 358 |
Release | : 2018-02-09 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 024496713X |
A perfect reproduction of the final Apollo 11 Flight Plan. The minute-by-minute time line of activities that put the first men on the moon in July 1969. This official NASA document spelled out the Apollo 11 mission in complete and precise technical detail.
Author | : National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 354 |
Release | : 2016-08-24 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781537117447 |
Full Color reproduction of the original Apollo 11 Flight Plan by NASA. All charts and graphs are included. This manual provided minute-by-minute instructions to the astronauts as they traveled to the moon! Apollo 11 was the first spaceflight that landed humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969. Armstrong became the first man to step onto the lunar surface. Broadcast on live TV to a world-wide audience, Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and described the event as "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." He and Aldrin spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds of lunar material for return to Earth. Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon's surface. Armstrong and Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before rendezvousing with Columbia in lunar orbit. Launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, Apollo 11 was the fifth manned mission of NASA's Apollo program. The Apollo spacecraft had three parts: a command module (CM) with a cabin for the three astronauts, and the only part that landed back on Earth; a service module (SM), which supported the command module with propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water; and a lunar module (LM) that had two stages - a lower stage for landing on the Moon, and an upper stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit. After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn V's upper stage, the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit. Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the lunar module Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility. The astronauts used Eagle's upper stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module. They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that blasted them out of lunar orbit on a trajectory back to Earth. They returned to Earth and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24. Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by U.S. President John F. Kennedy: "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."
Author | : World Spaceflight News |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 136 |
Release | : 2018-01-05 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781976811975 |
These official NASA history documents provide unique accounts of the Apollo lunar landing program. The first document, What Made Apollo A Success? (NASA SP-287) describes three of the basic ingredients of the success of Apollo: spacecraft hardware that is most reliable, flight missions that are extremely well planned and executed, and flight crews that are superbly trained and skilled. Contents: Introduction by George M. Low; Design Principles Stressing Simplicity by Kenneth S. Kleinknecht; Testing To Ensure Mission Success by Scott H. Simpkinson; Apollo Crew Procedures, Simulation, And Flight Planning by Warren J. North And C. H. Woodling; Flight Control In The Apollo Program by Eugene F. Kranz And James Otis Covington; Action On Mission Evaluation And Flight Anomalies by Donald D. Arabian; Techniques Of Controlling The Trajectory by Howard W. Tindall, Jr.; Flexible Yet Disciplined Mission Planning by C. C. Kraft, Jr., J. P. Mayer, C. R. Huss, And R. P. Parten. The introduction states: We will limit ourselves to those tasks that were the direct responsibility of the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center: spacecraft development, mission design and mission planning, flight crew operations, and flight operations. We will describe spacecraft design principles, the all-important spacecraft test activities, and the discipline that evolved in the control of spacecraft changes and the closeout of spacecraft anomalies; and we will discuss how we determined the best series of flights to lead to a lunar landing at the earliest possible time, how these flights were planned in detail, the techniques used in establishing flight procedures and carrying out flight operations, and, finally, crew training and simulation activities - the activities that led to a perfect flight execution by the astronauts. The First Lunar Landing As Told By The Astronauts Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins in a Post-flight Press Conference, the second document in this ebook compilation, is a transcript of the Apollo 11 conference. It's a description of man's historic first trip to another celestial body by the men who made the journey. Neil Armstrong, commander of Apollo 11, began the first-hand report to the world of the epic voyage of Eagle and Columbia to the Moon and back to Earth. After 24 hours in lunar orbit Armstrong and Aldrin separated Eagle from Columbia, to prepare for descent to the lunar surface. On July 20 at 4:18 p.m. EDT, the Lunar Module touched down on the Moon at Tranquility Base. Armstrong reported "The Eagle Has Landed." And at 10:56 p.m., Armstrong, descending from Eagle's ladder and touching one foot to the Moon's surface, announced: "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin soon joined Armstrong. Before a live television camera which they set up on the surface, they performed their assigned tasks. The third and final document, The Lunar Roving Vehicle - Historical Perspective, is a detailed examination of the success of the moon rover by an engineer at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The purpose of this paper is to raise the consciousness level of the current space exploration planners to what, in the early 1970s, was a highly successful roving vehicle. During the Apollo program, the vehicle known as the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) was designed for carrying two astronauts, their tools, and the equipment needed for rudimentary exploration of the Moon. This paper contains a discussion of the vehicle, its characteristics, and its use on the Moon. Conceivably, the LRV has the potential to meet some future requirements, either with relatively low cost modifications or via an evolutionary route. This aspect, however, is left to those who would choose to further study these options.
Author | : World Spaceflight News |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 140 |
Release | : 2018-04-16 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781980851578 |
This official NASA document provides the complete transcription of the historic Apollo 12 post-flight debriefing given by astronauts Pete Conrad, Al Bean, and Dick Gordon. Every aspect of the incredible adventure of the second moon landing, which landed next to the Surveyor 3 spacecraft, is discussed - from moonwalking to personal hygiene issues, launch through landing. This is an invaluable addition to the ebook library of anyone interested in the Apollo moon landings. Surprising facts, comments, and anecdotes are included in this debriefing. Did you know, for example, that Conrad was so hungry on the moon, he ate some of Al Bean's food? Or that Conrad briefly feared that Bean was critically injured during the splashdown: "We really hit flatter than a pancake, and it was a tremendous impact, much greater than anything I'd experienced in Gemini. The 16-mm camera, which was on the bracket - and we may have been remiss in this and I'm not sure, but it wasn't in the checklist - whistled off and clanked Al on the head to the tune of six stitches. It cold-cocked him, which is why we were in stable II. Although he doesn't realize it, he was out to lunch for about 5 seconds. Dick was hollering for him to punch in the breakers, and in the meantime, I'd seen this thing whistle off out of the corner of my eye and he was blankly staring at the instrument panel. I was convinced he was dead over there in the right seat, but he wasn't, and finally got the breakers in." Contents: Suiting and Ingress * Status Checks and Countdown * Powered Flight * Earth Orbit and Systems Checkout * TLI Through S-IVB Closeout * Translunar Coast * LOI Through Lunar Module Activation * Lunar Module Checkout Through Separation * DPI Through Touchdown * Lunar Surface * CSM Circumlunar Operations * Liftoff, Rendezvous, And Docking * Lunar Module Jettison Through TEI * Transearth Coast * Entry * Landing and Recovery * Geology and Experiments * Command Module Systems Operations * Lunar Module Systems Operations * Miscellaneous Systems, Flight Equipment, And GFE * Visual Sightings * Premission Planning * Mission Control * Training * Medical and Food * Miscellaneous The primary mission objectives of the second crewed lunar landing included an extensive series of lunar exploration tasks by the lunar module, or LM, crew, as well as the deployment of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, or ALSEP, which was to be left on the moon's surface to gather seismic, scientific and engineering data throughout a long period of time. Other Apollo 12 objectives included a selenological inspection; surveys and samplings in landing areas; development of techniques for precision-landing capabilities; further evaluations of the human capability to work in the lunar environment for a prolonged period of time; deployment and retrieval of other scientific experiments; and photography of candidate exploration sites for future missions. The astronauts also were to retrieve portions of the Surveyor III spacecraft, which had soft-landed on the moon April 20, 1967, a short distance from the selected landing site of Apollo 12. The flight plan for Apollo 12 was similar to that of Apollo 11, except Apollo 12 was to fly a higher inclination to the lunar equator and leave the free-return trajectory after the second translunar midcourse correction. This first non-free-return trajectory on an Apollo mission was designed to allow a daylight launch and a translunar injection above the Pacific Ocean. It also allowed a stretch of the translunar coast to gain the desired landing site lighting at the time of LM descent, conserved fuel and permitted the Goldstone, Calif., tracking antenna to monitor the LM descent and landing.
Author | : World Spaceflight News |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 366 |
Release | : 2018-04-22 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781980907589 |
Three comprehensive official NASA documents chronicle the vital first manned test flight of the Apollo lunar module, Apollo 9, conducted by astronauts McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart in early 1969. Two technical mission reports, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) Apollo Mission Report and the NASA Headquarters Mission Operation Report (MOR), provide complete details about every aspect of the mission. Apollo 9 MSC Mission Report: Mission description, pilots' report, communications, trajectory, command and service module performance, mission support performance, assessment of mission objectives, launch vehicle summary, anomaly summary (CSM, LM, government furnished equipment), conclusions, vehicle descriptions. Apollo 9 MOR: Mission design and execution, spacecraft performance, flight anomalies, detailed objectives and experiments, launch countdown, detailed flight mission description, back contamination program, contingency operations, configuration differences, mission support, recovery support plan, flight crew, mission management responsibility, program management, abbreviations and acronyms. Apollo 9 Press Kit: Detailed preview from countdown to landing. Apollo 9 was the first manned flight of the lunar module and was conducted to qualify this portion of the spacecraft for lunar operations. The crew members were James A. McDivitt, Commander; David R. Scott, Command Module Pilot; and Russell L. Schweikart, Lunar Module Pilot. The primary objectives of the mission were to evaluate crew operation of the lunar module and to demonstrate docked vehicle functions in an earth orbital mission, thereby qualifying the combined spacecraft for lunar flight. Lunar module operations included a descent engine firing while docked with the command module, a complete rendezvous and docking profile, and, with the vehicle unmanned, an ascent engine firing to propellant depletion. Combined spacecraft functions included command module docking with the lunar module (after transposition), spacecraft ejection from the launch vehicle, five service propulsion firings while docked, a docked descent engine firing, and extravehicular crew operations from both the lunar and command modules. These primary objectives were all satisfied. All spacecraft systems operated satisfactorily in performing the mission as planned. The thermal response of both spacecraft remained within expected ranges for an earth orbital flight, and consumable usages were maintained within acceptable limits. Management of the many complex systems of both spacecraft by the crew was very effective, and communications quality was generally satisfactory. The space vehicle was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:00:00 a.m. e.s.t., on March 3, 1969. Following a normal launch phase, the S-IVB stage inserted the spacecraft into an orbit of 102.3 by 103.9 nautical miles. After the post-insertion checkout was completed, the command and service modules were separated from the S-IVB, transposed, and docked with the lunar module. The docked spacecraft were ejected from the S-IVB at 4:08:06.
Author | : World Spaceflight News |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 316 |
Release | : 2017-10-31 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781973190776 |
Three comprehensive official NASA documents chronicle the amazing journey of Apollo 12, which performed the second manned lunar landing in November 1969. It was conducted by astronauts Conrad, Gordon, and Bean. Two technical mission reports, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) Apollo Mission Report and the NASA Headquarters Mission Operation Report (MOR), provide complete details about every aspect of the mission. Apollo 12 MSC Mission Report: Mission description, pilots' report, communications, trajectory, command and service module performance, mission support performance, assessment of mission objectives, launch vehicle summary, anomaly summary (CSM, LM, government furnished equipment), conclusions, vehicle descriptions. Apollo 12 MOR: Mission design and execution, spacecraft performance, flight anomalies, detailed objectives and experiments, launch countdown, detailed flight mission description, back contamination program, contingency operations, configuration differences, mission support, recovery support plan, flight crew, mission management responsibility, program management, abbreviations and acronyms. Apollo 12 Press Kit: Detailed preview from countdown to landing. The Apollo 12 mission provided a wealth of scientific information in this significant step of detailed lunar exploration. The emplaced experiments, with an expected equipment operation time of 1 year, will enable scientific observations of the lunar surface environment and determination of structural perturbations. This mission demonstrated the capability for a precision landing, a requirement for proceeding to more specific and rougher lunar surface locations having particular scientific interest. The space vehicle, with a crew of Charles Conrad, Jr., Commander; Richard F. Gordon, Command Module Pilot; and Alan L. Bean, Lunar Module Pilot; was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:22:00 a.m. e.s.t. (16:22:00 G.m.t.) November 14, 1969. The activities during earth-orbit checkout, translunar injection, and translunar coast were similar to those of Apollo 11, except for the special attention given to verifying all spacecraft systems as a result of lightning striking the space vehicle at 36.5 seconds and 52 seconds. A non-free-return translunar trajectory profile was used for the first time in the Apollo 12 mission. The spacecraft was inserted into a 168.8- by 62.6-mile lunar orbit at about 83-1/2 hours. Two revolutions later a second maneuver was performed to achieve a 66.1- by 54.3-mile orbit. The initial checkout of lunar module systems during translunar coast and in lunar orbit was satisfactory. At about 104 hours, the Commander and the Lunar Module Pilot entered the lunar module to prepare for descent to the lunar surface.