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Analysis and Design of CMOS Clocking Circuits For Low Phase Noise

Analysis and Design of CMOS Clocking Circuits For Low Phase Noise
Author: Woorham Bae
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
Total Pages: 255
Release: 2020-06-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1785618016

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As electronics continue to become faster, smaller and more efficient, development and research around clocking signals and circuits has accelerated to keep pace. This book bridges the gap between the classical theory of clocking circuits and recent technological advances, making it a useful guide for newcomers to the field, and offering an opportunity for established researchers to broaden and update their knowledge of current trends.


Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
Author: Liang Dai
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1461511453

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Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.


Clock Generators for SOC Processors

Clock Generators for SOC Processors
Author: Amr Fahim
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2005-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1402080808

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This book examines the issue of design of fully integrated frequency synthesizers suitable for system-on-a-chip (SOC) processors. This book takes a more global design perspective in jointly examining the design space at the circuit level as well as at the architectural level. The coverage of the book is comprehensive and includes summary chapters on circuit theory as well as feedback control theory relevant to the operation of phase locked loops (PLLs). On the circuit level, the discussion includes low-voltage analog design in deep submicron digital CMOS processes, effects of supply noise, substrate noise, as well device noise. On the architectural level, the discussion includes PLL analysis using continuous-time as well as discre- time models, linear and nonlinear effects of PLL performance, and detailed analysis of locking behavior. The material then develops into detailed circuit and architectural analysis of specific clock generation blocks. This includes circuits and architectures of PLLs with high power supply noise immunity and digital PLL architectures where the loop filter is digitized. Methods of generating low-spurious sampling clocks for discrete-time analog blocks are then examined. This includes sigma-delta fractional-N PLLs, Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) techniques and non-conventional uses of PLLs. Design for test (DFT) issues as they arise in PLLs are then discussed. This includes methods of accurately measuring jitter and built-in-self-test (BIST) techniques for PLLs.


Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits

Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits
Author: Behzad Razavi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 516
Release: 1996-04-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780780311497

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Featuring an extensive 40 page tutorial introduction, this carefully compiled anthology of 65 of the most important papers on phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits brings you comprehensive coverage of the field-all in one self-contained volume. You'll gain an understanding of the analysis, design, simulation, and implementation of phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits in CMOS and bipolar technologies along with valuable insights into the issues and trade-offs associated with phase locked systems for high speed, low power, and low noise.


Analysis and Design of a Low-power Low-noise CMOS Phase-locked Loop

Analysis and Design of a Low-power Low-noise CMOS Phase-locked Loop
Author: Cheng Zhang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre: Electronic noise
ISBN:

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This thesis covers the analysis, design and simulation of a low-power low-noise CMOS Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). Starting with the PLL basics, this thesis discussed the PLL loop dynamics and behavioral modeling. In this thesis, the detailed design and implementation of individual building blocks of the low-power low-noise PLL have been presented. In order to improve the PLL performance, several novel architectural solutions has been proposed. To reduce the effect of blind-zone and extend the detection range of Phase Frequency Detector (PFD), we proposed the Delayed-Input-Edge PFD (DIE-PFD) and the Delayed-Input-Pulse PFD (DIP-PFD) with improved performance. We also proposed a NMOS-switch high-swing cascode charge pump that significantly reduces the output current mismatches. Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) consumes the most power and dominates the noise in the PLL. A differential ring VCO with 550MHz to 950MHz tuning range has been designed, with the power consumption of the VCO is 2.5mW and the phase noise -105.2dBc/Hz at 1MHz frequency offset. Finally, the entire PLL system has been simulated to observe the overall performance. With input reference clock frequency equal 50MHz, the PLL is able to produce an 800MHz output frequency with locking time 400ns. The power consumption of the PLL system is 2.6mW and the phase noise at 1MHz frequency offset is -119dBc/Hz. The designs are implemented using IBM 0.13æm CMOS technology.


Design Methodology for RF CMOS Phase Locked Loops

Design Methodology for RF CMOS Phase Locked Loops
Author: Carlos Quemada
Publisher: Artech House
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2009
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1596933844

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After a review of PLL essentials, this uniquely comprehensive workbench guide takes you step-by-step through operation principles, design procedures, phase noise analysis, layout considerations, and CMOS realizations for each PLL building block. You get full details on LC tank oscillators including modeling and optimization techniques, followed by design options for CMOS frequency dividers covering flip-flop implementation, the divider by 2 component, and other key factors. The book includes design alternatives for phase detectors that feature methods to minimize jitter caused by the dead zone effect. You also find a sample design of a fully integrated PLL for WLAN applications that demonstrates every step and detail right down to the circuit schematics and layout diagrams. Supported by over 150 diagrams and photos, this one-stop toolkit helps you produce superior PLL designs faster, and deliver more effective solutions for low-cost integrated circuits in all RF applications.


Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops

Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops
Author: Behzad Razavi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 509
Release: 2020-01-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1108788173

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Using a modern, pedagogical approach, this textbook gives students and engineers a comprehensive and rigorous knowledge of CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) design for a wide range of applications. It features intuitive presentation of theoretical concepts, built up gradually from their simplest form to more practical systems; broad coverage of key topics, including oscillators, phase noise, analog PLLs, digital PLLs, RF synthesizers, delay-locked loops, clock and data recovery circuits, and frequency dividers; tutorial chapters on high-performance oscillator design, covering fundamentals to advanced topologies; and extensive use of circuit simulations to teach design mentality, highlight design flaws, and connect theory with practice. Including over 200 thought-provoking examples highlighting best practices and common pitfalls, 250 end-of-chapter homework problems to test and enhance the readers' understanding, and solutions and lecture slides for instructors, this is the perfect text for senior undergraduate and graduate-level students and professional engineers who want an in-depth understanding of PLL design.


Low Power VCO Design in CMOS

Low Power VCO Design in CMOS
Author: Marc Tiebout
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 126
Release: 2006-01-25
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 354029256X

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This work covers the design of CMOS fully integrated low power low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators for telecommunication or datacommuni- tion systems. The need for low power is obvious, as mobile wireless telecommunications are battery operated. As wireless telecommunication systems use oscillators in frequency synthesizers for frequency translation, the selectivity and signal to noise ratio of receivers and transmitters depend heavily on the low phase noise performance of the implemented oscillators. Datacommunication s- tems need low jitter, the time-domain equivalent of low phase noise, clocks for data detection and recovery. The power consumption is less critical. The need for multi-band and multi-mode systems pushes the high-integration of telecommunication systems. This is o?ered by sub-micron CMOS feat- ing digital ?exibility. The recent crisis in telecommunication clearly shows that mobile hand-sets became mass-market high-volume consumer products, where low-cost is of prime importance. This need for low-cost products - livens tremendously research towards CMOS alternatives for the bipolar or BiCMOS solutions in use today.


The Design of Low Noise Oscillators

The Design of Low Noise Oscillators
Author: Ali Hajimiri
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 214
Release: 1999-02-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0792384555

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It is hardly a revelation to note that wireless and mobile communications have grown tremendously during the last few years. This growth has placed stringent requi- ments on channel spacing and, by implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. C- pounding the challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior 1/f noise performance has usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also highly desired in the digital world, of course. The c- tinued drive toward higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for ev- decreasing jitter. Clearly, there is a need for a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms g- erning the process by which device, substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise. Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however, and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively correct.


Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems

Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems
Author: Behzad Razavi
Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
Total Pages: 736
Release: 2003-02-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780471447276

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Comprehensive coverage of recent developments in phase-locked loop technology The rapid growth of high-speed semiconductor and communication technologies has helped make phase-locked loops (PLLs) an essential part of memories, microprocessors, radio-frequency (RF) transceivers, broadband data communication systems, and other burgeoning fields. Complementing his 1996 Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits (Wiley-IEEE Press), Behzad Razavi now has collected the most important recent writing on PLL into a comprehensive, self-contained look at PLL devices, circuits, and architectures. Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems: From Devices to Architectures' five original tutorials and eighty-three key papers provide an eminently readable foundation in phase-locked systems. Analog and digital circuit designers will glean a wide range of practical information from the book's . . . * Tutorials dealing with devices, delay-locked loops (DLLs), fractional-N synthesizers, bang-bang PLLs, and simulation of phase noise and jitter * In-depth discussions of passive devices such as inductors, transformers, and varactors * Papers on the analysis of phase noise and jitter in various types of oscillators * Concentrated examinations of building blocks, including the design of oscillators, frequency dividers, and phase/frequency detectors * Articles addressing the problem of clock generation by phase-locking for timing and digital applications, RF synthesis, and the application of phase-locking to clock and data recovery circuits In tandem with its companion volume, Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems: From Devices to Architectures is a superb reference for anyone working on, or seeking to better understand, this rapidly-developing and increasingly central technology.