Advanced Drug Delivery Systems For Colonic Disorders PDF Download

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) today affects close to 200,000 people in France. They are characterized by the inflammation of the wall of a part of the digestive tract. They usually include Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease. Both are chronic diseases that involve inflammation of the colonic mucosa. The main difference between Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis is the location and nature of inflammation. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GIT from mouth to anus but in most cases attacks the terminal ileum. In contrast, Ulcerative Colitis is restricted to the colon and the rectum. An ideal dosage form should effectively protect the drug in the stomach and small intestine and subsequently release the drug in the colon in a targeted and controlled manner. The objective of this work was to develop new drug delivery systems containing a polysaccharide (pectin, guar gum, inulin ...), which are degradable by the colonic bacteria and a hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer (ethylcellulose, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate ...), which will reduce the hydrophilicity of the polysaccharide. The technique used for the preparation of these dosage forms is hot-melt extrusion. It is a continuous and free solvent process that allows the manufacturing of a dosage form called "extrudate" by forcing the soften material through an orifice. It has been demonstrated that extrudates based on polyvinyl acetate/polyurethane and inulin can minimize the release of a model active substance in the upper part of GIT due to the hydrophobic properties of polyvinyl acetate. Indeed, these extrudates uptake low amount of water and lose low dry mass upon exposure to media simulating the stomach and the small intestine. However, once in contact with the colonic flora, these systems show a considerable loss of mass due to the degradation of inulin by enzymes secreted by colonic bacteria. In another study, hot melt extrudates based on ethylcellulose blended with different types of polysaccharides (guar gum, inulin, corn starch, maltodextrin, pectin and chitosan) were studied for the development of controlled drug delivery systems. Anhydrous theophylline and diprophylline have been used as model drugs. This study was useful to set the extrusion parameters: temperature 100 °C; screw speed 30 rpm; feed rate 3 cc/min; 30 % dibutyl sebacate as a plasticizer. Importantly, hot melt extrudates based on ethylcellulose:guar gum blends offer an interesting potential as controlled drug delivery systems: They can be prepared at temperatures of about 100 °C, provide broad spectra of drug release patterns (in particular about constant drug release rates). Finally, hot melt extrudates remained stable after 1 year storage at ambient conditions.