A Short Term Dietary Toxicity Test On Small Mammals PDF Download
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Author | : N. Cook |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 11 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : Hazard assessment |
ISBN | : |
Download A Short-Term Dietary Toxicity Test on Small Mammals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that the results of certain toxicity tests on wildlife and aquatic organisms be submitted to the agency for evaluation before a new pesticide can be federally registered. The results of these toxicity tests are used to address the potential acute hazards of a pesticide's use to wildlife and aquatic organisms. At the present time an acceptable short-term feeding method for small mammals is not available. The EPA has been using the results of data submitted to support human safety requirements [primarily the rat single-dose oral median lethal dosage (LD50) data] to assess the hazards of pesticide residues in and on food to mammalian wildlife. We believe that these data may not properly represent the toxicity of a pesticide residue to mammalian wildlife. The objectives of the present study were three-fold: (1) to develop an acceptable short-term dietary LC50 test for small mammals, (2) to evaluate the test method by testing a number of chemical pesticides, and (3) to determine the relationship between the rat LD50 and median lethal concentration (LC50) values. The proposed 5-day LC50 test uses laboratory rats (Wistar strain) and is similar to a published avian dietary LC50 study. It consists of a 5-day acclimation period, a 5-day exposure to treated food, and a posttreatment observation period lasting for at least 9 days. The initial studies involved the exposure of five male and five female rat groups to each of five concentrations of treated food and one untreated group for control. The mortality, body weights, and food consumption were recorded. The mortality data were used to calculate LC50 values, which are presented for 17 pesticides. The experimentally determined LC50 values for rats were compared with derived ones calculated from published rat LD50 values. The derived values were not toxicologically equivalent to the LC50 values determined from our tests. Data are presented that indicate to us that rat LC50 values are a better measure of the toxicity of pesticide residues to mammalian wildlife than are rat LD50 values. Incorrect decisions on acute hazards of pesticide residues can result from the use of rat LC50 values calculated from rat LD50 values.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 188 |
Release | : 1995-02-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309051266 |
Download Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Author | : |
Publisher | : ASTM International |
Total Pages | : 173 |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Avian and Mammalian Widlife Toxicclogy: Second Conference Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 380 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : Effluent quality |
ISBN | : |
Download Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 308 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Ecology |
ISBN | : |
Download EPA-600/3 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 396 |
Release | : 1990-06-14 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Short-Term Toxicity Tests for Non-Genotoxic Effects Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Presents the results of in vitro studies on cell cultures involving primarily undifferentiated cells, systematic examination of the function of organs and the hematopoietic, immunologic, reproductive and other systems. Identifies experimental approaches to supplement classical in vivo methods for determining the adverse effects of chemicals.
Author | : Donald Wayne Lamb |
Publisher | : ASTM International |
Total Pages | : 178 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780803107595 |
Download Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : William Warren-Hicks |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Hazardous waste sites |
ISBN | : |
Download Ecological Assessment of Hazardous Waste Sites Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Michael D. Kreger |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Toxicity testing |
ISBN | : |
Download The LD50 (median Lethal Dose) and LC50 (median Lethal Concentration) Toxicity Tests Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Karen J. Clingerman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : Alternative toxicity testing |
ISBN | : |
Download The LD50 (median Lethal Dose) and LC50 (median Lethal Concentration) Toxicity Tests, January 1980 - August 1990 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle