Download A New Basis for Chemistry; a Chemical Philosophy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1888 edition. Excerpt: ... "In the writer's late essay on A Natural System in Mineralogy,1 the values of / have been thus determined. These silicates are there represented by a new notation, which employs symbols in small letters to represent quantivalent ratios; the combining-weights of the elements being divided by their valency, and in all cases followed by their coefficients. The formula of forsterite thus becomes (mg1si1)o2, that of orthoclase (kialssiujo16, and that of topaz (algsio." (18.) While a similar unit is equally applicable to all haloid species, it has been found more convenient for metalline species, including unoxydized metals and their compounds with one another and with arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium, to divide the formula by the sum of the valencies therein represented; so that for all such the unit / gives, not the mean integral weight of an oxygen compound in which O = 8, but that of the element, corresponding to S = 16, to Fe = 28, and to Ag= 108. 140. "Such fractional units are convenient for the purpose of comparing the varying con 1 Mineral Physiology and Physiography, 279-401. densation in species belonging to the respective groups; but it will be borne in mind that, in order to construct formulas which shall represent the true equivalent weights of liquid and solid species, we must multiply and not divide the formulas hitherto accepted as representing the normal species. The combining-weight of these must be the unit for fixing the equivalent weights and the true formulas of such liquid and solid species; which are generated by integration or polymerization from the normal species. This, though known to us in the volatile elements, and in compounds like carbon dioxyd, water-vapor, formic and acetic...